Seborrheic Dermatitis and Dandruff


Some people use “seborrheic dermatitis” and “dandruff” to mean the same thing, or consider dandruff a mild form of seborrheic dermatitis — but there are distinct differences. Dandruff refers to scaling on the scalp, while seborrheic dermatitis is not only scaly, but is accompanied by a red, itchy rash. It can develop on the scalp, but can also affect the face (nose, ears and eyebrows are common sites) and chest, as well as other areas of the body.


Who is affected by seborrheic dermatitis?


In infancy, seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp is called “cradle cap.” It will usually disappear without treatment before the infant is a year old. When it affects the diaper area, it looks similar to the common diaper rash. In adults, it is more common in those with oily skin and scalp, and slightly more common in men.


What causes seborrheic dermatitis?


The cause of seborrheic dermatitis is unknown, but several factors may be involved, including increased or abnormal sebum production (seborrhea) and certain types of yeast-like fungi that normally live in hair follicles. Seasonal variations, such as cold, dry winters, can cause the condition to become worse. Some drugs have been reported to cause lesions that look like seborrheic dermatitis. People with immune deficiencies such as AIDS, diseases of the nervous system and those with stressful illnesses seem prone to develop seborrheic dermatitis.


Is there a cure for seborrheic dermatitis?


There is no means of prevention or cure for seborrheic dermatitis, but it can be greatly improved with proper, regular treatment. For cradle cap, gently shampooing with a mild product such as baby shampoo may be sufficient, but doctors may also prescribe a low-dose topical corticosteroid or antifungal product. Infants with seborrheic dermatitis usually outgrow it by their first birthday, and there is no evidence that they are more likely to have it later in life. For adults, however, the outlook is quite different, because seborrheic dermatitis tends to be chronic.


What treatment is available for seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff?

Often an over-the-counter antidandruff shampoo such as Sebulex® Dandruff Shampoo will control dandruff flakes and scales. If the condition is more severe, with yellowish or gray, greasy scales accompanied by redness and itching of the skin, then a dermatologist should be consulted for a proper diagnosis. Generally, treatment for seborrheic dermatitis in adults is targeted at loosening the scales, reducing inflammation and itching, and controlling any yeast-like organisms. Non-prescription medicated shampoos containing tar, selenium sulfide, sulfur, zinc pyrithione, ketoconazole and/or salicylic acid may be used with good results. Some cases require a prescription shampoo plus a topical solution, gel or foam containing corticosteroids. More severe cases may require oral medications.

If you think you have a really bad case of dandruff, it could very well be seborrheic dermatitis. The only way to find out is to consult your dermatologist. Once the correct diagnosis is made, follow the treatment plan carefully to keep this frustrating skin condition under control.


Disclaimer

Information on this Web site is not intended as a substitute for diagnosis and/or treatment by a licensed healthcare professional. Please consult your primary healthcare provider or a dermatologist for more information about the diagnosis and treatment of your particular condition.